双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对巨噬细胞AP-1的影响

目的探索信号途径ERK→AP-1在双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖(WPG)激活巨噬细胞中的作用。方法以WPG刺激SD大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,采用凝胶电泳迁移分析技术检测巨噬细胞AP-1的活性。结果WPG刺激组巨噬细胞AP-1的活性明显高于对照组(P<0.01);巨噬细胞经ERK抑制剂PD98059预孵后,其AP-1的活性显著低于WPG刺激组(P<0.01)。结论双歧杆菌的WPG可通过ERK→AP-1这一信号途径来活化巨噬细胞。     

一种源于蜗牛的壳聚糖水解酶的纯化和定性

目的研究属于蜗牛的壳聚糖水解酶的纯化方法,得到壳聚糖水解酶的纯品,从而为氨基酸序列分析、基因克隆及工业菌制备奠定前期基础。方法建立检测蜗牛壳聚糖水解酶活性的手段并考察影响酶活性的各种因素,比较现有层析方法纯化蜗牛壳聚糖水解酶的实际效果,确定纯化的最佳条件,从而设计出最合理的纯化方案。结果经苯基琼脂糖柱层析,DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤分离,得到高纯高活性蛋白质,在SDS-PAGE上用银染的方法呈单一蛋白质条带,比活性提高33.333倍,纯化倍数为18.272,得率为0.15。结论实验建立了1种从蜗牛中分离高效高纯度壳聚糖水解酶的方法,为壳寡糖的酶解工业生产提供了新思路、新方法。     

压力后负荷增高大鼠心肌肥厚向心力衰竭的转变

目的观察单纯腹主动脉缩窄造成的心肌肥厚能否转变成为心力衰竭。方法实验选用8周龄的Wistar大鼠,使用7-0号尼龙线对其肾上腹主动脉进行缩窄手术,造成后负荷性心肌肥厚模型(LVH,n=10),同时设置假手术组(Sham,n=10)和正常组(Con,n=10)作为对照。术后第20周和第38周使用超声多普勒和多导生理仪对大鼠血流动力学进行检测。解剖后取出心脏,计算心脏/体重比,并通过HE染色和天狼猩红染色观察心脏形态和纤维化程度。结果腹主动脉结扎后第20周,LVH组大鼠心室壁肥厚,舒张功能下降(E/Aratio:LVH组:1.0±0.25,Con组:1.6±0.12)。术后38周,左心室壁肥厚程度有所下降,但是心室腔扩大,心脏收缩和舒张功能明显下降(EF:LVH组:44.8±8.42,Con组:70.9±5.19;MaxdP/dt:LVH组:4916±1267.3,Con组:14225±932.1;MindP/dt:LVH组:-3246±1217.3,Con组:-12138±725.2)。腹主动脉缩窄术后的动物心脏重量明显增加(3.58±0.32vs.2.34±0.15),HE染色和天狼猩红染色显示LVH组大鼠在术后38周心脏纤维化明显。结论腹主动脉缩窄造成的后负荷增高动物模型首先出现向心性心肌肥厚,伴以舒张功能下降,进而收缩功能下降,发展为心力衰竭。     

长沙走马楼东吴竹简蚀斑微生物的研究

竹简为我国古代早期文字记录的一种重要载体。湖南长沙竹简博物馆珍藏了一大批走马楼出土的三国时期东吴竹简,具有极为重要的史料价值。以吴简为材料,从竹简中分离微生物,获得10株细菌纯培养,并对这些分离菌株进行多相分类学鉴定。根据其培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞脂肪酸组份的测定以及部份菌株16S rRNA基因序列分析,将10个菌株划归为4个属。这些菌株可作为进一步探讨竹制品文物的微生物腐蚀提供有价值的材料。     

Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster, has a requirement for dietary sterols

Perkinsus marinus, a protozoan parasite of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, causes high mortality in its host along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America. P. marinus meronts cultured in vitro in medium containing complete lipid supplement (cod liver oil, cholesterol and alpha tocopherol acetate in detergent) are able to synthesize a wide variety of lipids, yet cultures cannot be maintained in lipid-free medium. To determine P. marinus lipid requirements meronts were inoculated into media containing different combinations of lipid components in detergent. Treatments included complete lipid supplement (positive control), detergent only (negative control), cholesterol in detergent, alpha tocopherol acetate in detergent and cholesterol+alpha tocopherol acetate in detergent. Meronts proliferated in the positive control medium and media containing cholesterol or cholesterol+alpha tocopherol acetate, but failed to proliferate in the negative control medium and the medium containing just alpha tocopherol acetate. Gas chromatography analysis of P. marinus meronts grown in medium with added (13)C sodium acetate (0.5 mg mL(-1)) revealed the presence of fatty acids containing (13)C, but the only sterol present was cholesterol containing no (13)C. These results suggest that P. marinus cannot synthesize sterols and must sequester them from its host.     

城镇化背景下深圳典型流域鱼类群落特征及驱动因子

理解城镇的快速发展对河流鱼类群落结构的影响,是城镇河流科学管理和生物多样性保护的关键基础。本研究于2019年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（11月）,选取我国城镇化典型城市-深圳域内两个处于不同城镇化程度的代表性流域,应用多重统计方法比较分析了流域间鱼类群落结构的差异,并探讨了驱动鱼类群落变异的关键环境要素。结果发现,城镇化程度高的观澜河流域其鱼类种类组成、优势类群、生物多样性指数与城镇化程度低的坪山河流域有明显差别。 具体表现为：城镇化程度高的流域土著敏感种类如异鱲、吸鳅等几近消失,优势类群为外来入侵耐受种类,其物种多样性显著低于城镇化程度低的流域（P<0.05）。同时,外来鱼类在城镇河段其数量占比平均达92.5%,广泛分布于深圳城镇河流中。在环境因素方面,城镇化程度高的观澜河流域水体理化指标总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数均显著性高于城镇化程度低的坪山河流域（P<0.05）。基于Bray-Curtis距离的冗余分析显示：城镇用地占比和总氮是影响观澜河和坪山河流域鱼类群落差异的主要因素。城镇化进程中河流生境的改变已影响到土著鱼类的生物多样性。因此,推动以恢复土著鱼类生物多样性的河流生态治理与保护是今后水生态目标管理的重要方向。     

Comparative transcriptome analysis of developmental stages of the Limonium bicolor leaf generates insights into salt gland differentiation

With the expansion of saline land worldwide, it is essential to establish a model halophyte to study the salt‐tolerance mechanism. The salt glands in the epidermis of Limonium bicolor (a recretohalophyte) play a pivotal role in salt tolerance by secreting excess salts from tissues. Despite the importance of salt secretion, nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms of salt gland development. In this study, we applied RNA sequencing to profile early leaf development using five distinct developmental stages, which were quantified by successive collections of the first true leaves of L. bicolor with precise spatial and temporal resolution. Specific gene expression patterns were identified for each developmental stage. In particular, we found that genes controlling salt gland differentiation in L. bicolor may evolve in a trichome formation, which was also confirmed by mutants with increased salt gland densities. Genes involved in the special ultrastructure of salt glands were also elucidated. Twenty‐six genes were proposed to participate in salt gland differentiation. Our dataset sheds light on the molecular processes underpinning salt gland development and thus represents a first step towards the bioengineering of active salt‐secretion capacity in crops.     

Expansion of polyalanine tracts in the QA domain may play a critical role in the clavicular development of cleidocranial dysplasia

Journal of Genetics -     

基于RS的湖岸带物理结构完整性评价方法——以查干湖为例

以查干湖流域为研究区,利用RS和GIS技术,基于水利部《河流(湖)健康评估指标、标准与方法 V1.0》并加以改进,以500m×1000m为评价基本单元,整个研究区共有315个物理结构基本评价单元,建立基于RS的湖岸带物理结构完整性评价体系,该评价体系由目标层、准则层和指标层构成,其中准则层由湖岸带状况、湖岸线发育率和湖泊萎缩率3项组成,指标层由地形坡度、植被覆盖率等8项指标构成。研究结果表明:38个监测点中,查干湖23个,新庙泡15个,基于RS物理结构评价结果分别为0.67—0.76和0.35—0.45,地面实测评价结果分别是0.64—0.77和0.35—0.55。两种评价方法结果一致,并表明查干湖的湖岸带物理结构健康状态属于健康,新庙泡则属于亚健康。     

莲藕干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配研究

连续2年采用盆栽试验研究了莲藕（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn）干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配规律。结果表明：莲藕苗期以叶片生长并积累光合产物为主,膨大根状茎成型后,叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的干物质不断运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,以产量形成为主,干物质累积总量增长呈＂慢-快-稳定＂的变化趋势;氮磷钾累积量与干物质累积量变化趋势一致,并与之呈极显著正相关,莲藕氮磷钾养分累积总量之比为1∶0.12∶1.31。移栽后97-160 d是莲藕产量形成的关键时期,不仅叶片、叶柄和根状茎中的氮磷钾随同干物质运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,根系还从土壤中吸收更多的氮磷钾直接运输并贮存到膨大根状茎中,后者分别占同期氮磷钾累积量的69.8%、79.2%和75.0%。160 d膨大根状茎中干物质、氮、磷和钾累积量分别平均占植株总累积量的81.1%、85.2%、88.8%和80.2%。